Security Guide

OpenClaw connects to real messaging platforms and executes code. This guide covers essential security practices for protecting your gateway and preventing unauthorized access.

Security Overview

OpenClaw security model:

Gateway authentication — Token or password-based access control
DM pairing — Controlled access for direct messages
Allowlists — Per-channel sender restrictions
Rate limiting — Automatic protection against brute-force attacks
TLS/SSL — Encrypted connections (Tailscale, reverse proxy)
Secrets management — Secure credential storage

Gateway Authentication

Authentication Modes

The gateway supports four authentication modes:

Token (Recommended)
Password
Trusted Proxy
None (Development Only)

Token authentication — Secure, long-lived shared secret.

# Generate secure token
openssl rand -hex 32

# Configure token
openclaw config set gateway.auth.mode token
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "your-secure-token-here"

# Or via environment
export OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN="your-secure-token-here"
openclaw gateway

Token source priority:

OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN environment variable
gateway.auth.token in config

See src/gateway/auth.ts:216

Password authentication — User-friendly, configurable via wizard.

# Set password via wizard
openclaw configure

# Or directly
openclaw config set gateway.auth.mode password
openclaw config set gateway.auth.password "your-secure-password"

# Or via environment
export OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_PASSWORD="your-password"
openclaw gateway

Trusted proxy mode — For reverse proxies that handle authentication.

# ~/.openclaw/config.json
gateway:
  auth:
    mode: trusted-proxy
    trustedProxy:
      userHeader: X-Forwarded-User
      requiredHeaders:
        - X-Forwarded-Proto
        - X-Forwarded-For
      allowUsers:
        - user@example.com
        - admin

Configure trusted proxy IPs in gateway.trustedProxies:

openclaw config set gateway.trustedProxies '["127.0.0.1", "::1"]'

See src/gateway/auth.ts:279-320

No authentication — Only for local development.

Never use mode: none with network binding (lan, tailnet). Anyone on your network can fully control your gateway.

# Local development only
openclaw config set gateway.auth.mode none
openclaw gateway --bind loopback

Rate Limiting

Automatic protection against brute-force attacks:

// From src/gateway/auth-rate-limit.ts
const DEFAULT_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 10;       // Max failed attempts
const DEFAULT_WINDOW_MS = 60_000;      // 1 minute window
const DEFAULT_LOCKOUT_MS = 300_000;    // 5 minute lockout

Features:

Tracks failed auth attempts by client IP
Automatic lockout after 10 failed attempts
5-minute cooldown period
Loopback (localhost) is exempt by default

Configuration:

# ~/.openclaw/config.json
gateway:
  auth:
    rateLimit:
      maxAttempts: 10
      windowMs: 60000
      lockoutMs: 300000
      exemptLoopback: true

DM Pairing and Allowlists

DM Policy Modes

Control who can send direct messages:

Mode	Description	Use Case
`pairing`	Unknown senders get pairing code	Recommended — Controlled access
`locked`	Only allowlist senders allowed	High security, pre-approved users
`open`	Anyone can send DMs	Dangerous — Public access
`disabled`	DMs completely disabled	Channel-only communication

Pairing Flow

Default behavior (recommended):

# ~/.openclaw/config.json
channels:
  discord:
    dmPolicy: pairing  # Default
  telegram:
    dmPolicy: pairing
  whatsapp:
    dmPolicy: pairing

When an unknown user sends a DM:

Gateway generates a pairing code (e.g., ABC123)
User receives: “Pairing required. Code: ABC123”
Approve with: openclaw pairing approve discord ABC123
User is added to allowlist store

Approve a sender:

# Approve pairing code
openclaw pairing approve discord ABC123
openclaw pairing approve telegram XYZ789

# List pending pairing requests
openclaw pairing list

# Revoke access
openclaw pairing revoke discord user@example.com

Allowlist Configuration

Per-channel allowlists:

# ~/.openclaw/config.json
channels:
  discord:
    dmPolicy: locked
    allowFrom:
      - "user#1234"
      - "admin#5678"
  
  telegram:
    dmPolicy: locked
    allowFrom:
      - 123456789  # User ID
      - 987654321
  
  whatsapp:
    dmPolicy: locked
    allowFrom:
      - "+1234567890"

Open DM policy (dangerous):

dmPolicy: open allows anyone to send DMs. Only use this if you fully understand the risks.

channels:
  discord:
    dmPolicy: open
    allowFrom:
      - "*"  # Required for open policy

Multi-User Session Isolation

By default, all DM senders share the main session. Isolate sessions per sender:

# Isolate per sender
openclaw config set session.dmScope per-channel-peer

# Isolate per account + sender (multi-account channels)
openclaw config set session.dmScope per-account-channel-peer

See src/commands/doctor-security.ts:116-122 for warnings about shared sessions.

Network Security

Gateway Bind Modes

Mode	Binds To	Security
`loopback`	`127.0.0.1`	✅ Recommended — Local only
`lan`	`0.0.0.0`	⚠️ Requires auth — Network accessible
`tailnet`	Tailscale IP	✅ Recommended — Secure remote access
`custom`	User-specified	⚠️ Varies

Local-only (most secure):

openclaw config set gateway.bind loopback
openclaw gateway

LAN access (requires strong auth):

openclaw config set gateway.bind lan
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"
openclaw gateway

Tailscale (recommended for remote access):

# Install Tailscale
curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh

# Configure OpenClaw
openclaw config set gateway.bind tailnet
openclaw config set gateway.tailscale.mode serve
openclaw gateway

TLS/SSL Setup

Option 1: Tailscale (Recommended)

Tailscale provides automatic TLS with built-in authentication:

# Enable Tailscale Serve
tailscale serve https:443 http://127.0.0.1:18789

# Configure gateway
openclaw config set gateway.tailscale.mode serve
openclaw config set gateway.auth.allowTailscale true

Tailscale authentication verification: From src/gateway/auth.ts:153-184:

Verifies Tailscale-User-Login header
Validates via tailscale whois lookup
Matches login against IP ownership

Option 2: Reverse Proxy (Nginx)

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name gateway.example.com;
    
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/gateway.example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/gateway.example.com/privkey.pem;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:18789;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

Option 3: Cloudflare Tunnel

# Install cloudflared
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared/releases/latest/download/cloudflared-linux-amd64 -o cloudflared
sudo mv cloudflared /usr/local/bin/
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cloudflared

# Authenticate
cloudflared tunnel login

# Create tunnel
cloudflared tunnel create openclaw-gateway

# Route domain
cloudflared tunnel route dns openclaw-gateway gateway.example.com

# Run tunnel
cloudflared tunnel run --url http://localhost:18789 openclaw-gateway

Secrets Management

Credential Storage

OpenClaw stores credentials in:

~/.openclaw/credentials/
├── anthropic-oauth.json      # Claude OAuth tokens
├── openai-oauth.json         # OpenAI OAuth tokens
└── web-provider/             # Web provider sessions
    ├── claude-session.json
    └── cookie-jar.json

File permissions:

# Ensure restrictive permissions
chmod 700 ~/.openclaw
chmod 600 ~/.openclaw/credentials/*

# Verify permissions
ls -la ~/.openclaw/credentials/

Environment Variables

Avoid committing secrets:

# .env (add to .gitignore)
OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN=your-secret-token
CLAUDE_AI_SESSION_KEY=sk-ant-...
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-proj-...

Load environment file:

# With systemd
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/home/user/.openclaw/.env

# With Docker Compose
env_file:
  - .env

Rotating Credentials

# Generate new token
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"

# Update all clients
openclaw gateway restart

# Re-login to providers
openclaw login anthropic
openclaw login openai

Security Auditing

Run Security Audit

# Basic audit
openclaw security audit

# Deep probe (includes gateway health check)
openclaw security audit --deep

# Apply automatic fixes
openclaw security audit --fix

# JSON output
openclaw security audit --json

Audit checks:

Gateway authentication configuration
DM policy security
Channel allowlist completeness
File permissions on state directory
Network exposure risks
Credential storage security

From src/cli/security-cli.ts and src/commands/doctor-security.ts.

Doctor Security Checks

# Comprehensive health + security check
openclaw doctor

# Auto-fix issues
openclaw doctor --fix

# Generate gateway token if missing
openclaw doctor --generate-gateway-token

Doctor security warnings (from src/commands/doctor-security.ts):

Gateway bound to network without auth
Open DM policies
Multi-user sessions sharing main scope
Missing allowlists
Weak authentication

Security Checklist

Enable strong authentication

openclaw config set gateway.auth.mode token
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"

Use DM pairing

openclaw config set channels.discord.dmPolicy pairing
openclaw config set channels.telegram.dmPolicy pairing

Isolate user sessions

openclaw config set session.dmScope per-channel-peer

Restrict network binding

# Local only
openclaw config set gateway.bind loopback

# Or use Tailscale
openclaw config set gateway.bind tailnet

Secure credential storage

chmod 700 ~/.openclaw
chmod 600 ~/.openclaw/config.json
chmod -R 600 ~/.openclaw/credentials/

Run security audit

openclaw security audit --deep

Enable rate limiting (default on)

Verify rate limiting is active:

openclaw config get gateway.auth.rateLimit

Use TLS for remote access

Set up Tailscale or reverse proxy with Let’s Encrypt

Common Security Issues

Gateway exposed without authentication

Problem: Gateway bound to 0.0.0.0 (LAN) without token/password.Fix:

# Set token
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"

# Or bind to loopback
openclaw config set gateway.bind loopback

Open DM policy misconfigured

Problem: dmPolicy: open without allowFrom: ["*"].Fix:

# Switch to pairing
openclaw config set channels.discord.dmPolicy pairing

Shared sessions for multiple users

Problem: Multiple DM senders sharing the main session.Fix:

openclaw config set session.dmScope per-channel-peer

Weak or default tokens

Problem: Short or predictable authentication tokens.Fix:

# Generate strong token (64 hex chars = 256 bits)
openclaw config set gateway.auth.token "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"

Insecure file permissions

Problem: Config/credentials readable by other users.Fix:

chmod 700 ~/.openclaw
chmod 600 ~/.openclaw/config.json
chmod -R 600 ~/.openclaw/credentials/

Next Steps

Deployment Guide

Deploy with security best practices

Troubleshooting

Debug authentication and security issues

Multi-Agent Setup

Isolate agents with allowlists

CLI Reference

Security audit command reference

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Channels

Platform Apps

Guides

Security Guide

Security Guide

Security Overview

Gateway Authentication

Authentication Modes

Rate Limiting

DM Pairing and Allowlists

DM Policy Modes

Pairing Flow

Allowlist Configuration

Multi-User Session Isolation

Network Security

Gateway Bind Modes

TLS/SSL Setup

Option 1: Tailscale (Recommended)

Option 2: Reverse Proxy (Nginx)

Option 3: Cloudflare Tunnel

Secrets Management

Credential Storage

Environment Variables

Rotating Credentials

Security Auditing

Run Security Audit

Doctor Security Checks

Security Checklist

Common Security Issues

Next Steps

Deployment Guide

Troubleshooting

Multi-Agent Setup

CLI Reference

​Security Guide

​Security Overview

​Gateway Authentication

​Authentication Modes

​Rate Limiting

​DM Pairing and Allowlists

​DM Policy Modes

​Pairing Flow

​Allowlist Configuration

​Multi-User Session Isolation

​Network Security

​Gateway Bind Modes

​TLS/SSL Setup

​Option 1: Tailscale (Recommended)

​Option 2: Reverse Proxy (Nginx)

​Option 3: Cloudflare Tunnel

​Secrets Management

​Credential Storage

​Environment Variables

​Rotating Credentials

​Security Auditing

​Run Security Audit

​Doctor Security Checks

​Security Checklist

​Common Security Issues

​Next Steps

Deployment Guide

Troubleshooting

Multi-Agent Setup

CLI Reference

Security Guide

Security Overview

Gateway Authentication

Authentication Modes

Rate Limiting

DM Pairing and Allowlists

DM Policy Modes

Pairing Flow

Allowlist Configuration

Multi-User Session Isolation

Network Security

Gateway Bind Modes

TLS/SSL Setup

Option 1: Tailscale (Recommended)

Option 2: Reverse Proxy (Nginx)

Option 3: Cloudflare Tunnel

Secrets Management

Credential Storage

Environment Variables

Rotating Credentials

Security Auditing

Run Security Audit

Doctor Security Checks

Security Checklist

Common Security Issues

Next Steps